feat: add number guessing game implementation

[shuvomdhar]

Description

This PR adds a new beginner-friendly Python program, number_guessing.py, implementing an interactive number guessing game.

Features included:

• User-defined upper bound for the guessing range.
• Random secret number generation.
• Input validation for numeric input.
• Repeated guessing until the correct number is found.
• "Too High" and "Too Low" hints after each incorrect guess.
• Displays the total number of guesses taken once the user wins.

The implementation follows the repository's coding style and is intended as a simple educational example demonstrating random number generation, loops, conditionals, and function design.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Documentation update
• Code cleanup/refactoring

Related Issues

Closes #3188

Testing

Please describe the tests you've run to verify your changes:

• Manual testing
• Added automated tests
• Existing tests pass

Checklist

• My code follows the project's code style
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have updated the README.md if needed
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have tested my code locally
• New and existing tests pass with my changes

Screenshots (if applicable)

Add screenshots or demos of your changes if relevant.