[CLIENT-4425] Docs: fix broken cross references for type aliases

[juliannguyen4]

• Moving to sphinx-autodoc-typehints extension which handles the type aliases better than the default autodoc that comes with sphinx. Using the latter causes the type aliases to not evaluate properly in nitpicky mode and raises errors. Also fixes error when using list[TypeKey] as a type hint in a function signature.

Drawbacks of using sphinx-autodoc-typehints

More compute energy and time is spent to inject the type hints into the docstrings

Extra Changes

• Docs: replace the type aliases in the type hints with the actual types. This should be fine for the most part; only a few places like _BaseExpr.compile() have long return types, but that's more of an internal implementation detail IMO
• Replace some of the old classes from typing module with native types. The old classes were used because the native types didn't support subscripting (e.g list, dict) until Python 3.9+
• Remove some of the duplicate type hints from docstrings in aerospike_helpers. sphinx-autodoc-typehints generates the type hints in the docstrings using the signatures.
• Remove some double quotes from type hints where not needed. I don't believe they are forward references since the type aliases are defined at the top of the files.

TODO

• Replace outdated / deprecated typing classes with native ones. Check for option to trigger warning/err in ci/cd probably through mypy Will make a separate jira ticket
• sphinx-autodoc-typehints additional dependency requires Python 3.12+ Shouldn't be a problem as long as the docs are compiled on readthedocs.org

Known issues introduced here

• _cdt_ctx return value formatting is duplicated in cdt_ctx.py docs fixed
• Methods with variable args lost their type hints

Out of scope

• CLIENT-4613 Remove all double quotes from type hints in aerospike_helpers

Manual testing

• Build artifacts passes - https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/24219975339
• Type aliases in dev aren't clickable and don't show up when searched. Now the type aliases are evaluated directly in the description. Before and after

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 83.86%. Comparing base (1f81f80) to head (44319bd).
⚠️ Report is 12 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #991      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.87%   83.86%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          99       99              
  Lines       14514    14490      -24     
==========================================
- Hits        12174    12152      -22     
+ Misses       2340     2338       -2     

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