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Heavy-flavour balancing in PYTHIA 8

This repository measures heavy-flavour correlations and balancing yields in pp events from complete PYTHIA tune configurations. It compares MONASH, JUNCTIONS and CLOSEPACKING at a collision energy of 13.6 TeV.

The sample selects hard charm and beauty production. It is a generator-level, heavy-flavour-biased sample. It is not a minimum-bias sample or a detector-level prediction. Reported uncertainties describe finite Monte Carlo statistics only. The calculation does not evaluate systematic uncertainty, agreement with data or the effect of one isolated tune parameter.

Repository contents

The repository contains generation, analysis, ROOT query, statistical reduction, plotting and package verification code. It also contains configuration, the accepted source inventory and small synthetic ROOT fixtures. The result package includes numerical ROOT, canvases, 57 PDFs, tables and covariance records. Download the complete merged ROOT files from the data access guide. Bulk raw, analyzed and query support files remain in external storage.

The source inventory records 3,000 accepted files and 300 million successful events. Each tune contributes 100 million events in ten original source blocks. The data inventory binds the distributed results and external inputs to checksums. The sample accounting guide explains the 127 discarded job attempts.

Use the results

Two complete result selections are available: inclusive pair pT and trigger 1.0 / associate 0.15 GeV/c minima. Both use the same accepted events. Their pair selections and dedicated trigger denominators differ.

Open the multiplicity distribution or the other figure PDFs. The data guide explains how to verify the package, change its presentation and download merged THnSparse files. These operations do not require event generation or merging.

Start locally

Use a Git checkout with Python 3.9 or later and a C++17 compiler. ROOT stages require ROOT with PyROOT. Event generation requires PYTHIA 8.317. The prepared HTCondor route has stricter runtime requirements.

Run these commands from the repository root:

./hadronization --help
./hadronization doctor
python3 pipeline/generate/study_contract.py check
./hadronization generate
./hadronization clean --dry-run

doctor reports the resolved environment. It does not prove that ROOT or PYTHIA can execute every stage. The default generate command inventories the campaign and does not submit jobs. The default clean command only lists removable files.

Follow installation to configure dependencies and run the development suite. A downloaded source archive lacks the Git identity required by provenance checks. Use a Git clone for execution.

Data flow

flowchart LR
  R[Raw ROOT] --> A[Analyzed ROOT rows]
  A --> Q[Query ROOT shards]
  Q --> C[Collection index]
  C --> M[Merged sparse ROOT]
  Q --> N[Numerical ROOT]
  M --> N
  N --> F[ROOT canvases and PDFs]
  N --> P[Collaboration package]
  F --> P
Loading

Query files retain exact support rows and block-resolved THnSparse histograms. The physical merge stores sparse objects by tune and original block. Reduction still reads support rows from the query shards. Keep those shards with the merged collection.

The native estimator computes pooled results and delete-one-source-block jackknife covariance. numerics.root stores values, uncertainties, covariance factors, statuses and provenance. The renderer reads these numerical results without recomputing observables.

Main choices

  • The default charm-meson trigger is D0, PDG 421. D+, PDG 411, is an explicit alternative.

  • Inclusive pair observables have no fixed final-hadron pT floor or event-wise pT ordering.

  • Optional rectangular minima require trigger_min >= associate_min. Both particle cuts include their endpoints.

  • Charged-light activity counts final charged particles without heavy constituents, with pT > 0.15 GeV/c and |eta| <= 4.

  • Multiplicity classes use tune-local percentiles. Reduction recomputes class boundaries for each block deletion.

  • Heavy-flavour valence sign defines opposite-sign and same-sign pairs. Electric charge does not define these groups.

The science guide gives exact definitions and limitations. The configuration guide distinguishes adjustable analysis choices from fixed input contracts.

Products

The renderer produces multiplicity, charm and beauty correlation, integrated balancing, activity-dependent balancing and baryon-to-meson ratio pages. It also produces signed heavy-hadron pT, eta and phi spectra, supporting views and ROOT canvases. Numerical packages include accounting tables, CSV and TeX exports, missing-value records and manifests.

The default correlation presentation shows MONASH identified pairs and heavy-flavour sign sums. The inclusive and cut-selection companions show correlation comparisons across tunes. Use config/plot-all-tune.json to reproduce that presentation. The workflow describes presentation choices and display limits.

Documentation

Guide Contents
Installation Dependencies, environment and first checks
Science Sample, selections, formulas and statistical method
Workflow Ordered commands, required inputs and restart behavior
Configuration Parameters, constraints and coupled changes
Data model ROOT objects, manifests, statuses and retention
CLI reference Commands, options, defaults and side effects
File reference Every tracked file and its role
Reproducibility Independent hashes, verification and copying outputs

Citation and licensing

CITATION.cff contains the supplied software citation record. No DOI, release version or repository URL appears in that record. The repository contains no license file. Do not infer a redistribution license from access to the source.

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