diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/apps.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/apps.rs
index f2072388..bf2de986 100644
--- a/crates/tower-cmd/src/apps.rs
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/apps.rs
@@ -11,20 +11,12 @@ use crate::{
 
 pub fn apps_cmd() -> Command {
     Command::new("apps")
-        .about("Interact with the apps that you own")
+        .about("Manage the apps in your current Tower account")
         .arg_required_else_help(true)
         .subcommand(Command::new("list").about("List all of your apps`"))
         .subcommand(
             Command::new("show")
                 .allow_external_subcommands(true)
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("name")
-                        .short('n')
-                        .long("name")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(String))
-                        .required(true)
-                        .action(clap::ArgAction::Set),
-                )
                 .about("Show the details about an app in Tower"),
         )
         .subcommand(
@@ -62,20 +54,12 @@ pub fn apps_cmd() -> Command {
         .subcommand(
             Command::new("delete")
                 .allow_external_subcommands(true)
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("slug")
-                        .short('n')
-                        .long("slug")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(String))
-                        .required(true)
-                        .action(clap::ArgAction::Set),
-                )
                 .about("Delete an app in Tower"),
         )
 }
 
-pub async fn do_logs_app(config: Config, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) {
-    let (slug, seq) = extract_app_run(cmd);
+pub async fn do_logs(config: Config, cmd: &ArgMatches) {
+    let (slug, seq) = extract_app_slug_and_run("logs", cmd.subcommand());
 
     if let Ok(resp) = api::describe_run_logs(&config, &slug, seq).await {
         for line in resp.log_lines {
@@ -84,10 +68,10 @@ pub async fn do_logs_app(config: Config, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn do_show_app(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let slug = args.get_one::<String>("slug").unwrap();
+pub async fn do_show(config: Config, cmd: &ArgMatches) {
+    let slug = extract_app_slug("show", cmd.subcommand());
 
-    match  api::describe_app(&config, slug).await {
+    match  api::describe_app(&config, &slug).await {
         Ok(app_response) => {
             let app = app_response.app;
             let runs = app_response.runs;
@@ -201,7 +185,7 @@ pub async fn do_list_apps(config: Config) {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn do_create_app(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
+pub async fn do_create(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
     let name = args.get_one::<String>("name").unwrap_or_else(|| {
         output::die("App name (--name) is required");
     });
@@ -221,11 +205,11 @@ pub async fn do_create_app(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
 
 }
 
-pub async fn do_delete_app(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let slug = args.get_one::<String>("slug").unwrap();
+pub async fn do_delete(config: Config, cmd: &ArgMatches) {
+    let slug = extract_app_slug("delete", cmd.subcommand());
     let mut spinner = output::spinner("Deleting app");
 
-    if let Err(err) = api::delete_app(&config, slug).await {
+    if let Err(err) = api::delete_app(&config, &slug).await {
         spinner.failure();
         output::tower_error(err);
     } else {
@@ -234,17 +218,29 @@ pub async fn do_delete_app(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
 }
 
 /// Extract app name and run number from command
-fn extract_app_run(cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) -> (String, i64) {
+fn extract_app_slug_and_run(subcmd: &str, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) -> (String, i64) {
     if let Some((slug, _)) = cmd {
         if let Some((slug, num)) = slug.split_once('#') {
             return (
                 slug.to_string(),
                 num.parse::<i64>().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                    output::die("Run number must be a valid number");
+                    output::die("Run number must be an actual number");
                 }),
             );
         }
-        output::die("Run number is required (e.g. tower apps logs <app name>#<run number>)");
+
+        let line = format!("Run number is required. Example: tower apps {} <app name>#<run number>", subcmd);
+        output::die(&line);
+    }
+    let line = format!("App slug is required. Example: tower apps {} <app name>#<run number>", subcmd);
+    output::die(&line)
+}
+
+fn extract_app_slug(subcmd: &str, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) -> String {
+    if let Some((slug, _)) = cmd {
+        return slug.to_string();
     }
-    output::die("App name (e.g. tower apps logs <app name>#<run number>) is required");
+
+    let line = format!("App slug is required. Example: tower apps {} <app name>", subcmd);
+    output::die(&line);
 }
diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/lib.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/lib.rs
index e2b1d27d..3fe628c9 100644
--- a/crates/tower-cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ impl App {
         // environment variable. This is for programmatic use cases where we want to test the CLI
         // in automated environments, for instance.
         let session = if let Ok(token) = std::env::var("TOWER_JWT") {
-            // let's exchange the token for a session, what we'll load.
             Session::from_jwt(&token).ok()
         } else {
             Session::from_config_dir().ok()
@@ -91,12 +90,10 @@ impl App {
 
                 match apps_command {
                     Some(("list", _)) => apps::do_list_apps(sessionized_config).await,
-                    Some(("show", args)) => apps::do_show_app(sessionized_config, args).await,
-                    Some(("logs", args)) => {
-                        apps::do_logs_app(sessionized_config, args.subcommand()).await
-                    }
-                    Some(("create", args)) => apps::do_create_app(sessionized_config, args).await,
-                    Some(("delete", args)) => apps::do_delete_app(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("create", args)) => apps::do_create(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("show", args)) => apps::do_show(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("logs", args)) => apps::do_logs(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("delete", args)) => apps::do_delete(sessionized_config, args).await,
                     _ => {
                         apps::apps_cmd().print_help().unwrap();
                         std::process::exit(2);
@@ -107,15 +104,9 @@ impl App {
                 let secrets_command = sub_matches.subcommand();
 
                 match secrets_command {
-                    Some(("list", args)) => {
-                        secrets::do_list_secrets(sessionized_config, args).await
-                    }
-                    Some(("create", args)) => {
-                        secrets::do_create_secret(sessionized_config, args).await
-                    }
-                    Some(("delete", args)) => {
-                        secrets::do_delete_secret(sessionized_config, args).await
-                    }
+                    Some(("list", args)) => secrets::do_list(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("create", args)) => secrets::do_create(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("delete", args)) => secrets::do_delete(sessionized_config, args).await,
                     _ => {
                         secrets::secrets_cmd().print_help().unwrap();
                         std::process::exit(2);
@@ -128,8 +119,8 @@ impl App {
                 let teams_command = sub_matches.subcommand();
 
                 match teams_command {
-                    Some(("list", _)) => teams::do_list_teams(sessionized_config).await,
-                    Some(("switch", args)) => teams::do_switch_team(sessionized_config, args).await,
+                    Some(("list", _)) => teams::do_list(sessionized_config).await,
+                    Some(("switch", args)) => teams::do_switch(sessionized_config, args).await,
                     _ => {
                         teams::teams_cmd().print_help().unwrap();
                         std::process::exit(2);
diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/secrets.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/secrets.rs
index 60b26e9e..614a8595 100644
--- a/crates/tower-cmd/src/secrets.rs
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/secrets.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use tower_api::{
 use crate::{
     output,
     api,
+    util::cmd,
 };
 
 pub fn secrets_cmd() -> Command {
@@ -76,37 +77,21 @@ pub fn secrets_cmd() -> Command {
         .subcommand(
             Command::new("delete")
                 .allow_external_subcommands(true)
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("name")
-                        .short('n')
-                        .long("name")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(String))
-                        .required(true)
-                        .help("Name of the secret to delete")
-                        .action(clap::ArgAction::Set),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("environment")
-                        .short('e')
-                        .long("environment")
-                        .default_value("default")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(String))
-                        .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
-                        .help("Environment the secret belongs to"),
-                )
                 .about("Delete a secret in Tower"),
         )
 }
 
-pub async fn do_list_secrets(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let show = args.get_one::<bool>("show").unwrap_or(&false);
-    let env = args.get_one::<String>("environment").unwrap();
-    let all = args.get_one::<bool>("all").unwrap_or(&false);
+pub async fn do_list(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
+    let all = cmd::get_bool_flag(args, "all");
+    let show = cmd::get_bool_flag(args, "show"); 
+    let env = cmd::get_string_flag(args, "environment");
+
+    log::debug!("listing secrets, environment={} all={} show={}", env, all, show);
 
-    if *show {
+    if show {
         let (private_key, public_key) = crypto::generate_key_pair();
 
-        match api::export_secrets(&config, env, *all, public_key).await {
+        match api::export_secrets(&config, &env, all, public_key).await {
             Ok(list_response) => {
                 let headers = vec![
                     "Secret".bold().yellow().to_string(),
@@ -131,7 +116,7 @@ pub async fn do_list_secrets(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
             Err(err) => output::tower_error(err),
         }
     } else {
-        match api::list_secrets(&config, env, *all).await {
+        match api::list_secrets(&config, &env, all).await {
             Ok(list_response) => {
                 let headers = vec![
                     "Secret".bold().yellow().to_string(),
@@ -152,14 +137,14 @@ pub async fn do_list_secrets(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn do_create_secret(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let name = args.get_one::<String>("name").unwrap();
-    let environment = args.get_one::<String>("environment").unwrap();
-    let value = args.get_one::<String>("value").unwrap();
+pub async fn do_create(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
+    let name = cmd::get_string_flag(args, "name");
+    let environment = cmd::get_string_flag(args, "environment");
+    let value = cmd::get_string_flag(args, "value");
 
     let mut spinner = output::spinner("Creating secret...");
 
-    match encrypt_and_create_secret(&config, name, value, environment).await { 
+    match encrypt_and_create_secret(&config, &name, &value, &environment).await { 
         Ok(_) => {
             spinner.success();
 
@@ -178,16 +163,13 @@ pub async fn do_create_secret(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn do_delete_secret(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let env_default = "default".to_string();
-    let name = args.get_one::<String>("name").unwrap();
-    let environment = args
-        .get_one::<String>("environment")
-        .unwrap_or(&env_default);
+pub async fn do_delete(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
+    let (environment, name) = extract_secret_environment_and_name("delete", args.subcommand());
+    log::debug!("deleting secret, environment={} name={}", environment, name);
 
     let mut spinner = output::spinner("Deleting secret...");
 
-    if let Ok(_) = api::delete_secret(&config, name, environment).await {
+    if let Ok(_) = api::delete_secret(&config, &name, &environment).await {
         spinner.success();
     } else {
         spinner.failure();
@@ -232,3 +214,17 @@ async fn encrypt_and_create_secret(
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn extract_secret_environment_and_name(subcmd: &str, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) -> (String, String) {
+    if let Some((slug, _)) = cmd {
+        if let Some((env, name)) = slug.split_once('/') {
+            return (env.to_string(), name.to_string());
+        }
+
+        let line = format!("Secret name is required. Example: tower secrets {} <environment>/<secret name>", subcmd);
+        output::die(&line);
+    }
+
+    let line = format!("Secret name and environment is required. Example: tower secrets {} <environment>/<secret name>", subcmd);
+    output::die(&line);
+}
diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/teams.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/teams.rs
index 22844d94..cabdae3b 100644
--- a/crates/tower-cmd/src/teams.rs
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/teams.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use clap::{value_parser, Arg, ArgMatches, Command};
+use clap::{ArgMatches, Command};
 use colored::*;
 use config::Config;
 
@@ -14,12 +14,8 @@ pub fn teams_cmd() -> Command {
         .subcommand(Command::new("list").about("List teams you belong to"))
         .subcommand(
             Command::new("switch")
+                .allow_external_subcommands(true)
                 .about("Switch context to a different team")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("team_slug")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(String))
-                        .action(clap::ArgAction::Set),
-                ),
         )
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +56,7 @@ async fn refresh_session(config: &Config) -> config::Session {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn do_list_teams(config: Config) {
+pub async fn do_list(config: Config) {
     // Refresh the session and get the updated data
     let session = refresh_session(&config).await;
 
@@ -121,24 +117,19 @@ pub async fn do_list_teams(config: Config) {
     output::newline();
 }
 
-pub async fn do_switch_team(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
-    let team_slug = args
-        .get_one::<String>("team_slug")
-        .map(|s| s.as_str())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            output::die("Team Slug (e.g. tower teams switch <team_slug>) is required");
-        });
+pub async fn do_switch(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
+    let slug = extract_team_slug("switch", args.subcommand());
 
     // Refresh the session first to ensure we have the latest teams data
     let session = refresh_session(&config).await;
 
     // Check if the provided team slug exists in the refreshed session
-    let team = session.teams.iter().find(|team| team.slug == team_slug);
+    let team = session.teams.iter().find(|team| team.slug == slug);
 
     match team {
         Some(team) => {
             // Team found, set it as active
-            match config.set_active_team_by_slug(team_slug) {
+            match config.set_active_team_by_slug(&slug) {
                 Ok(_) => {
                     output::success(&format!("Switched to team: {}", team.name));
                 }
@@ -152,9 +143,18 @@ pub async fn do_switch_team(config: Config, args: &ArgMatches) {
             // Team not found
             output::failure(&format!(
                 "Team '{}' not found. Use 'tower teams list' to see all your teams.",
-                team_slug
+                slug
             ));
             std::process::exit(1);
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn extract_team_slug(subcmd: &str, cmd: Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)>) -> String {
+    if let Some((slug, _)) = cmd {
+        return slug.to_string();
+    }
+
+    let line = format!("Team slug is required. Example: tower teams {} <team name>", subcmd);
+    output::die(&line);
+}
diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/cmd.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/cmd.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49148410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/cmd.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::output;
+use clap::ArgMatches;
+
+pub fn get_string_flag(args: &ArgMatches, name: &str) -> String {
+    args.get_one::<String>(name)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            output::die(&format!("{} is required", name));
+        })
+        .to_string()
+}
+
+pub fn get_bool_flag(args: &ArgMatches, name: &str) -> bool {
+    args.get_one::<bool>(name)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            output::die(&format!("{} is required", name));
+        })
+        .to_owned()
+}
diff --git a/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/mod.rs b/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/mod.rs
index 02520da4..23a6bb3f 100644
--- a/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/tower-cmd/src/util/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 pub mod apps;
 pub mod deploy;
 pub mod progress;
+pub mod cmd;