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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<HTML
><HEAD
><style> /* unified version */
body {
width:800px;
margin-left:5%;
font:normal normal 10pt/1.6 sans-serif;
}
</style
><TITLE
>Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="BOOK"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><DIV
CLASS="BOOK"
><A
NAME="AEN1"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="TITLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2"
>Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)</A
></H1
><H3
CLASS="AUTHOR"
><A
NAME="AEN4"
></A
>Peter Bieringer</H3
><DIV
CLASS="AFFILIATION"
><DIV
CLASS="ADDRESS"
><P
CLASS="ADDRESS"
>pb at bieringer dot de</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REVHISTORY"
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
COLSPAN="3"
><B
>Revision History</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.67wip</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2018-11-10</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.66</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2014-05-15</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.65</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2009-12-13</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.64</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2009-06-11</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.60</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2007-05-31</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revision 0.51</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>2006-11-08</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
>Revised by: PB</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
COLSPAN="3"
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
><DIV
CLASS="ABSTRACT"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN34"
></A
><P
>The goal of the Linux IPv6 HOWTO is to answer both basic and advanced questions about IPv6 on the Linux operating system. This HOWTO will provide the reader with enough information to install, configure, and use IPv6 applications on Linux machines. Intermediate releases of this HOWTO are available at <A
HREF="http://mirrors.bieringer.de/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/"
TARGET="_top"
>mirrors.bieringer.de</A
> or <A
HREF="http://mirrors.deepspace6.net/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/"
TARGET="_top"
>mirrors.deepspace6.net</A
>. See also <A
HREF="#REVISION-HISTORY"
>revision history</A
> for changes.</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><HR></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-GENERAL"
>General</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>1.1. <A
HREF="#GENERAL-COPRIGHT"
>Copyright, license and others</A
></DT
><DT
>1.2. <A
HREF="#GENERAL-CATEGORY"
>Category</A
></DT
><DT
>1.3. <A
HREF="#AEN82"
>Version, History and To-Do</A
></DT
><DT
>1.4. <A
HREF="#GENERAL-TRANSLATIONS"
>Translations</A
></DT
><DT
>1.5. <A
HREF="#AEN167"
>Technical</A
></DT
><DT
>1.6. <A
HREF="#AEN189"
>Preface</A
></DT
><DT
>1.7. <A
HREF="#AEN215"
>Used terms, glossary and shortcuts</A
></DT
><DT
>1.8. <A
HREF="#AEN365"
>Requirements for using this HOWTO</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-BASICS"
>Basics</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>2.1. <A
HREF="#AEN395"
>What is IPv6?</A
></DT
><DT
>2.2. <A
HREF="#BASIC-HISTORY-IPV6-LINUX"
>History of IPv6 in Linux</A
></DT
><DT
>2.3. <A
HREF="#AEN429"
>What do IPv6 addresses look like?</A
></DT
><DT
>2.4. <A
HREF="#AEN454"
>FAQ (Basics)</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-ADDRESSTYPES"
>Address types</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>3.1. <A
HREF="#AEN483"
>Addresses without a special prefix</A
></DT
><DT
>3.2. <A
HREF="#AEN520"
>Network part, also known as prefix</A
></DT
><DT
>3.3. <A
HREF="#AEN653"
>Address types (host part)</A
></DT
><DT
>3.4. <A
HREF="#AEN678"
>Prefix lengths for routing</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-SYSTEMCHECK"
>IPv6-ready system check</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>4.1. <A
HREF="#SYSTEMCHECK-KERNEL"
>IPv6-ready kernel</A
></DT
><DT
>4.2. <A
HREF="#AEN784"
>IPv6-ready network configuration tools</A
></DT
><DT
>4.3. <A
HREF="#AEN805"
>IPv6-ready test/debug programs</A
></DT
><DT
>4.4. <A
HREF="#AEN886"
>IPv6-ready programs</A
></DT
><DT
>4.5. <A
HREF="#AEN891"
>IPv6-ready client programs (selection)</A
></DT
><DT
>4.6. <A
HREF="#AEN960"
>IPv6-ready server programs</A
></DT
><DT
>4.7. <A
HREF="#FAQ-IPV6-READY-SYSTEM-CHECK"
>FAQ (IPv6-ready system check)</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-CONFIGURATION-INTERFACE"
>Configuring interfaces</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>5.1. <A
HREF="#AEN984"
>Different network devices</A
></DT
><DT
>5.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1028"
>Bringing interfaces up/down</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>6. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-CONFIGURATION-ADDRESS"
>Configuring IPv6 addresses</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>6.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1046"
>Displaying existing IPv6 addresses</A
></DT
><DT
>6.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1065"
>Add an IPv6 address</A
></DT
><DT
>6.3. <A
HREF="#AEN1080"
>Removing an IPv6 address</A
></DT
><DT
>6.4. <A
HREF="#AEN1095"
>Automatic IPv6 Address Configuration</A
></DT
><DT
>6.5. <A
HREF="#AEN1099"
>Enable Privacy Extension</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>7. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-CONFIGURATION-ROUTE"
>Configuring normal IPv6 routes</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>7.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1144"
>Displaying existing IPv6 routes</A
></DT
><DT
>7.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1159"
>Add an IPv6 route through a gateway</A
></DT
><DT
>7.3. <A
HREF="#AEN1175"
>Removing an IPv6 route through a gateway</A
></DT
><DT
>7.4. <A
HREF="#AEN1190"
>Add an IPv6 route through an interface</A
></DT
><DT
>7.5. <A
HREF="#AEN1206"
>Removing an IPv6 route through an interface</A
></DT
><DT
>7.6. <A
HREF="#AEN1221"
>FAQ for IPv6 routes</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>8. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-NEIGHBOR-DISCOVERY"
>Neighbor Discovery</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>8.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1238"
>Displaying neighbors using ”ip”</A
></DT
><DT
>8.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1244"
>Manipulating neighbors table using ”ip”</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>9. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-CONFIGURING-IPV6-IN-IPV4-TUNNELS"
>Configuring IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>9.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1267"
>Types of tunnels</A
></DT
><DT
>9.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1352"
>Displaying existing tunnels</A
></DT
><DT
>9.3. <A
HREF="#CONF-IPV6-IN-IPV4-POINT-TO-POINT-TUNNELS"
>Setup of point-to-point tunnel</A
></DT
><DT
>9.4. <A
HREF="#CONFIGURING-IPV6TO4-TUNNELS"
>Setup of 6to4 tunnels</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>10. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-CONFIGURING-IPV4-IN-IPV6-TUNNELS"
>Configuring IPv4-in-IPv6 tunnels</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>10.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1477"
>Displaying existing tunnels</A
></DT
><DT
>10.2. <A
HREF="#AEN1484"
>Setup of point-to-point tunnel</A
></DT
><DT
>10.3. <A
HREF="#AEN1490"
>Removing point-to-point tunnels</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>11. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-KERNEL-SETTINGS"
>Kernel settings in /proc-filesystem</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>11.1. <A
HREF="#AEN1499"
>How to access the /proc-filesystem</A
></DT
><DT
>11.2. <A
HREF="#PROC-SYS-NET-IPV6."
>Entries in /proc/sys/net/ipv6/</A
></DT
><DT
>11.3. <A
HREF="#PROC-SYS-NET-IPV4."
>IPv6-related entries in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/</A
></DT
><DT
>11.4. <A
HREF="#PROC-NET"
>IPv6-related entries in /proc/net/</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>12. <A
HREF="#NETLINK"
>Netlink-Interface to kernel</A
></DT
><DT
>13. <A
HREF="#RESOLVER"
>Address Resolver & Selection</A
></DT
><DT
>14. <A
HREF="#NETWORK-DEBUGGING"
>Network debugging</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>14.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2082"
>Server socket binding</A
></DT
><DT
>14.2. <A
HREF="#EXAMPLES-TCPDUMP"
>Examples for tcpdump packet dumps</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>15. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-SUPPORT-PERSISTENT-CONFIGURATION"
>Support for persistent IPv6 configuration in Linux distributions</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>15.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2134"
>Red Hat Linux and ”clones”</A
></DT
><DT
>15.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2173"
>SuSE Linux</A
></DT
><DT
>15.3. <A
HREF="#CONFIGURATION-DEBIAN-LINUX"
>Debian Linux</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>16. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-AUTOCONFIGURATION"
>Auto-configuration</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>16.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2225"
>Stateless auto-configuration out-of-the-box</A
></DT
><DT
>16.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2230"
>Stateless auto-configuration using Router Advertisement Daemon (radvd)</A
></DT
><DT
>16.3. <A
HREF="#AEN2234"
>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol v6 (DHCPv6)</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>17. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-MOBILITY"
>Mobility</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>17.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2253"
>Common information</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>18. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-FIREWALLING-SECURITY"
>Firewalling</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>18.1. <A
HREF="#FIREWALLING-NETFILTER6."
>Firewalling using netfilter6</A
></DT
><DT
>18.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2338"
>Preparation</A
></DT
><DT
>18.3. <A
HREF="#AEN2416"
>Usage of ip6tables</A
></DT
><DT
>18.4. <A
HREF="#NAT-NETFILTER6."
>Network Address Translation (NAT) using netfilter6</A
></DT
><DT
>18.5. <A
HREF="#AEN2561"
>Firewalling using nftables</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>19. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-SECURITY"
>Security</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>19.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2613"
>Node security</A
></DT
><DT
>19.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2617"
>Access limitations</A
></DT
><DT
>19.3. <A
HREF="#IPV6-SECURITY-AUDITING"
>IPv6 security auditing</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>20. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-ENCRYPTION-AUTHENTICATION"
>Encryption and Authentication</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>20.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2670"
>Modes of using encryption and authentication</A
></DT
><DT
>20.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2681"
>Support in kernel (ESP and AH)</A
></DT
><DT
>20.3. <A
HREF="#AEN2691"
>Automatic key exchange (IKE)</A
></DT
><DT
>20.4. <A
HREF="#AEN2753"
>Additional informations:</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>21. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-QOS"
>Quality of Service (QoS)</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>21.1. <A
HREF="#AEN2765"
>General</A
></DT
><DT
>21.2. <A
HREF="#AEN2769"
>Linux QoS using ”tc”</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>22. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-HINTS-DAEMONS"
>Hints for IPv6-enabled daemons</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>22.1. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-BIND"
>Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) daemon ”named”</A
></DT
><DT
>22.2. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-XINETD"
>Internet super daemon (xinetd)</A
></DT
><DT
>22.3. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-APACHE2."
>Webserver Apache2 (httpd2)</A
></DT
><DT
>22.4. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-RADVD"
>Router Advertisement Daemon (radvd)</A
></DT
><DT
>22.5. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-DHCPV6."
>Dynamic Host Configuration v6 Server (dhcp6s)</A
></DT
><DT
>22.6. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-ISC-DHCP"
>ISC Dynamic Host Configuration Server (dhcpd)</A
></DT
><DT
>22.7. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-DIBBLER"
>DHCP Server Dibbler</A
></DT
><DT
>22.8. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-TCPWRAPPER"
>tcp_wrapper</A
></DT
><DT
>22.9. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-VSFTPD"
>vsftpd</A
></DT
><DT
>22.10. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-PROFTPD"
>proftpd</A
></DT
><DT
>22.11. <A
HREF="#HINTS-DAEMONS-OTHERS"
>Other daemons</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>23. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-PROGRAMMING"
>Programming</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>23.1. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-SECTION-USING-API"
>Programming using C-API</A
></DT
><DT
>23.2. <A
HREF="#AEN3286"
>Other programming languages</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>24. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-INTEROPERABILITY"
>Interoperability</A
></DT
><DT
>25. <A
HREF="#CHAPTER-INFORMATION"
>Further information and URLs</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>25.1. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-BOOKS"
>Paper printed books, articles, online reviews (mixed)</A
></DT
><DT
>25.2. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-CONFERENCES"
>Conferences, Meetings, Summits</A
></DT
><DT
>25.3. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-ONLINEINFORMATION"
>Online information</A
></DT
><DT
>25.4. <A
HREF="#AEN3945"
>IPv6 Infrastructure</A
></DT
><DT
>25.5. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-MAILLISTS"
>Maillists</A
></DT
><DT
>25.6. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-ONLINETESTTOOLS"
>Online tools</A
></DT
><DT
>25.7. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-TRAININGSANDSEMINARS"
>Trainings, Seminars</A
></DT
><DT
>25.8. <A
HREF="#INFORMATION-ONLINEDISCOVERY"
>'The Online Discovery' ...</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>26. <A
HREF="#AEN4322"
>Revision history / Credits / The End</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>26.1. <A
HREF="#REVISION-HISTORY"
>Revision history</A
></DT
><DT
>26.2. <A
HREF="#CREDITS"
>Credits</A
></DT
><DT
>26.3. <A
HREF="#AEN4863"
>The End</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="CHAPTER"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="CHAPTER-GENERAL"
></A
>Chapter 1. General</H1
><P
>Information about available translations you will find in section <A
HREF="#GENERAL-TRANSLATIONS"
>Translations</A
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><HR><H2
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="GENERAL-COPRIGHT"
>1.1. Copyright, license and others</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H3
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN45"
>1.1.1. Copyright</A
></H3
><P
>Written and Copyright (C) 2001-2017 by Peter Bieringer</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><HR><H3
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN48"
>1.1.2. License</A
></H3
><P
>This Linux IPv6 HOWTO is published under GNU GPL version 2:</P
><P
>The Linux IPv6 HOWTO, a guide how to configure and use IPv6 on Linux systems. </P
><P
>Copyright © 2001-2017 Peter Bieringer </P
><P
>This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. </P
><P
>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. </P
><P
>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><HR><H3
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN56"
>1.1.3. About the author</A
></H3
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H4
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN58"
>1.1.3.1. Internet/IPv6 history of the author</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>1993: I got in contact with the Internet using console based e-mail and news client (e.g. look for ”e91abier” on <A
HREF="http://groups.google.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>groups.google.com</A
>, that's me).</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>1996: I got a request for designing a course on IPv6, including a workshop with the Linux operating system.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>1997: Started writing a guide on how to install, configure and use IPv6 on Linux systems, called <A
HREF="http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/"
TARGET="_top"
>IPv6 & Linux - HowTo</A
> (see <A
HREF="http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/IPv6-HOWTO-0.html#history"
TARGET="_top"
>IPv6 & Linux - HowTo/History</A
> for more information).</P
></LI