diff --git a/.changeset/reuse-unchanged-server-build.md b/.changeset/reuse-unchanged-server-build.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd678d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/reuse-unchanged-server-build.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'rsbuild-plugin-react-router': patch
+---
+
+Keep the evaluated development server build when a node recompile emits byte-identical runtime output (for example CSS-only or source-map-only edits), instead of re-evaluating it and resetting server module state before Hot Data Revalidation. Changed server output still evaluates fresh.
diff --git a/src/dev-generation.ts b/src/dev-generation.ts
index 02122918..824dc9e9 100644
--- a/src/dev-generation.ts
+++ b/src/dev-generation.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   isSafeOneSidedChange,
   pinServerBuildsToManifests,
   snapshotDependencies,
+  snapshotRuntimeOutputs,
   type DependencySnapshot,
   type DevCompilationIdentity,
   type DevGraphChanges,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ type CommittedGeneration = {
   buildsByEntryName: ReactRouterServerBuilds;
   webIdentity: DevCompilationIdentity;
   nodeIdentity: DevCompilationIdentity;
+  nodeOutputs: string | undefined;
   web: WebArtifact;
   nodeDependencies: DependencySnapshot;
 };
@@ -506,9 +508,25 @@ export const createReactRouterDevRuntime = ({
       }
 
       try {
-        const buildsByEntryName = nodeChanged
-          ? await evaluateServerBuilds(server, buildPlan.entryNames)
-          : previous!.buildsByEntryName;
+        // A node recompile with byte-identical runtime output (CSS-only edits,
+        // source-map-only changes) keeps the evaluated build instead of asking
+        // Rsbuild for a fresh runner, which would reset server module state and
+        // delay HDR. Module-scope state therefore survives same-output edits.
+        // TODO(#140): only whole-output equality is detectable here. Reusing
+        // loaded modules when just an unimported chunk changed needs runner-level
+        // consumed-output tracking from Rsbuild; revisit once
+        // https://github.com/web-infra-dev/rsbuild/issues/8496 is addressed.
+        const nodeOutputs = nodeChanged
+          ? snapshotRuntimeOutputs(nodeCompilation)
+          : previous!.nodeOutputs;
+        const reuseServerBuilds =
+          !!previous &&
+          nodeOutputs !== undefined &&
+          nodeOutputs === previous.nodeOutputs;
+        const buildsByEntryName =
+          nodeChanged && !reuseServerBuilds
+            ? await evaluateServerBuilds(server, buildPlan.entryNames)
+            : previous!.buildsByEntryName;
         if (!isCurrentAttempt(attemptId)) {
           return 'ignored';
         }
@@ -526,6 +544,7 @@ export const createReactRouterDevRuntime = ({
           ),
           webIdentity,
           nodeIdentity: nodeChanged ? nodeIdentity : previous!.nodeIdentity,
+          nodeOutputs,
           web,
           nodeDependencies: nodeChanged
             ? snapshotDependencies(nodeCompilation)
diff --git a/src/dev-runtime-artifacts.ts b/src/dev-runtime-artifacts.ts
index 20be0f4a..c51de442 100644
--- a/src/dev-runtime-artifacts.ts
+++ b/src/dev-runtime-artifacts.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
 import { isAbsolute, relative } from 'node:path';
 import type { RsbuildDevServer, Rspack } from '@rsbuild/core';
 import * as Effect from 'effect/Effect';
@@ -86,6 +87,31 @@ export const snapshotDependencies = (
   missing: new Set(compilation.missingDependencies),
 });
 
+// Digest of every emitted runtime asset except source maps. Undefined when an
+// asset source is unavailable; callers must treat that as changed output.
+export const snapshotRuntimeOutputs = (
+  compilation: Rspack.Compilation
+): string | undefined => {
+  if (typeof compilation.getAssets !== 'function') {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const hash = createHash('sha1');
+  const assets = [...compilation.getAssets()].sort((a, b) =>
+    a.name < b.name ? -1 : a.name > b.name ? 1 : 0
+  );
+  for (const asset of assets) {
+    if (asset.name.endsWith('.map')) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const source = asset.source?.buffer?.();
+    if (!source) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    hash.update(asset.name).update('\0').update(source).update('\0');
+  }
+  return hash.digest('hex');
+};
+
 const isWithinDirectory = (directory: string, file: string): boolean => {
   const relativePath = relative(directory, file);
   return (
diff --git a/tests/dev-generation.test.ts b/tests/dev-generation.test.ts
index 6c2e5c5e..6827a613 100644
--- a/tests/dev-generation.test.ts
+++ b/tests/dev-generation.test.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,52 @@ describe('React Router development runtime', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('reuses the evaluated server build when node runtime output is unchanged', async () => {
+    const withAssets = (
+      compilation: ReturnType<typeof createCompilation>,
+      assets: Record<string, string>
+    ) =>
+      Object.assign(compilation, {
+        getAssets: () =>
+          Object.entries(assets).map(([name, content]) => ({
+            name,
+            source: { buffer: () => Buffer.from(content) },
+          })),
+      });
+    let build = createBuild('initial');
+    const { loadBundle, runtime } = createHarness(() => build);
+    const run = async (marker: string, assets: Record<string, string>) => {
+      const web = createCompilation('web');
+      const node = withAssets(createCompilation('node'), assets);
+      runtime.beginAttempt();
+      captureWeb(runtime, web, marker);
+      await runtime.finishAttempt(
+        createGraphStats(web, node),
+        noKnownChanges,
+        graphIdentity(web, node)
+      );
+    };
+
+    await run('first', { 'app.js': 'same', 'app.js.map': 'map-1' });
+    build = createBuild('second');
+    await run('second', { 'app.js': 'same', 'app.js.map': 'map-2' });
+
+    expect(loadBundle).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    await expect(runtime.load()).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      marker: 'initial',
+      assets: { version: 'second' },
+    });
+
+    build = createBuild('third');
+    await run('third', { 'app.js': 'changed', 'app.js.map': 'map-2' });
+
+    expect(loadBundle).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    await expect(runtime.load()).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      marker: 'third',
+      assets: { version: 'third' },
+    });
+  });
+
   it('evaluates changed node output during css ownership removals', async () => {
     const routePath = '/app/routes/about.tsx';
     const onCssAssetOwnershipChanged = rstest.fn();