(Feature)Add magic numberber in maths-special_numbers

Author: BhaktiVagadia

maths/special_numbers/magic_number.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""
+== Magic Number ==
+A number where the recursive sum of digits eventually results in 1.
+Example: (172) ((1+7+2=10 -> 1+0=1)).
+https://www.scribd.com/document/895653665/Interesting-Number-Programs
+"""
+
+
+def is_magic_number(number: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    This functions takes an integer number as input.
+    returns True if the number is magic.
+    >>> is_magic_number(-1)
+    False
+    >>> is_magic_number(0)
+    False
+    >>> is_magic_number(172)
+    True
+    >>> is_magic_number(19)
+    True
+    >>> is_magic_number(124)
+    False
+    >>> is_magic_number(5.0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Input value of [number=5.0] must be an integer
+    """
+    if not isinstance(number, int):
+        msg = f"Input value of [number={number}] must be an integer"
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    if number <= 0:
+        return False
+    # the loop continues if n is 0 
+    # and sum is non-zero.
+    # It stops when n becomes 
+    # 0 and sum becomes single digit.
+    sum = 0
+    while (number > 0 or sum > 9):
+        if (number == 0):
+            number = sum
+            sum = 0
+        sum = sum + number % 10
+        number = number // 10
+
+    # Return true if sum becomes 1.
+    return sum == 1
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()