From 5bc6aa65c62d70a375a85126f9e73fc72e5639be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sarahxsanders <sarah@posthog.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:23:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] feat(integration): add rust as a full example-based
 variant

Add a Rust integration variant anchored on a real example app
(example-apps/rust): an Axum service that builds one posthog-rs client
per process, configures it from the environment, identifies users via a
$set property, captures events, evaluates feature flags with the current
evaluate_flags snapshot API, captures exceptions, and calls flush() +
shutdown() on graceful shutdown (capture is fire-and-forget).

Ships a full example rather than docs-only so the wizard has a concrete
shape to match. Adds rust commandments (including honest limitations: no
alias/surveys/session-replay) and skips the Rust target/ build dir when
flattening the example.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 context/commandments.yaml              |   11 +
 context/skills/integration/config.yaml |    9 +
 context/skip-patterns.yaml             |    3 +
 example-apps/rust/.env.example         |    8 +
 example-apps/rust/.gitignore           |    2 +
 example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock           | 2597 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml           |   19 +
 example-apps/rust/README.md            |  137 ++
 example-apps/rust/src/main.rs          |  251 +++
 9 files changed, 3037 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/.env.example
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/README.md
 create mode 100644 example-apps/rust/src/main.rs

diff --git a/context/commandments.yaml b/context/commandments.yaml
index 64a8b6c0..3ddd3146 100644
--- a/context/commandments.yaml
+++ b/context/commandments.yaml
@@ -90,6 +90,17 @@ commandments:
     - Avoid deprecated feature flag helpers such as `IsFeatureEnabled`, `GetFeatureFlag`, `GetFeatureFlagPayload`, and `Capture.SendFeatureFlags` in new code
     - For error tracking, use `posthog.NewDefaultException(...)` for direct captures or wrap `log/slog` with `posthog.NewSlogCaptureHandler(...)` for automatic warning-and-above exception capture
 
+  rust:
+    - posthog-rs is the Rust SDK crate; add it with `cargo add posthog-rs` and construct the client with `posthog_rs::client(options).await`
+    - Create one client per process and share it (for example an `Arc` in your app state or a `OnceCell`); do not build a new client per request or task
+    - Configure the project token and host from environment variables via `ClientOptions` (the `(api_key, host)` tuple); never hardcode PostHog secrets
+    - Because `capture` is fire-and-forget, always call `client.flush().await` and `client.shutdown().await` during graceful shutdown so queued events are delivered before exit
+    - Server-side captures must set a stable `distinct_id` on `Event::new(event, distinct_id)` that matches frontend identify calls; avoid anonymous or literal IDs for business events
+    - The SDK has no `identify` or `alias` helper; set person properties by inserting a `$set` property on an event
+    - For feature flags, call `client.evaluate_flags(distinct_id, EvaluateFlagsOptions::default()).await` once per user/request, then read values from the returned snapshot with `is_enabled(...)`
+    - For error tracking, use `client.capture_exception_with(&err, CaptureExceptionOptions::new()...)`; the `error-tracking` feature is enabled by default in recent versions
+    - The Rust SDK has no surveys or session replay support; do not promise or scaffold those features
+
   dotnet:
     - posthog-dotnet package names are `PostHog` for general .NET apps and `PostHog.AspNetCore` for ASP.NET Core apps
     - Use environment variables, user secrets, or configuration providers for `ProjectToken`, `HostUrl`, and `PersonalApiKey`; never hardcode PostHog secrets
diff --git a/context/skills/integration/config.yaml b/context/skills/integration/config.yaml
index 2699fadf..ccb68b79 100644
--- a/context/skills/integration/config.yaml
+++ b/context/skills/integration/config.yaml
@@ -244,6 +244,15 @@ variants:
     docs_urls:
       - https://posthog.com/docs/libraries/go.md
 
+  - id: rust
+    framework: rust
+    example_paths: example-apps/rust
+    display_name: Rust
+    description: PostHog integration for Rust applications using the posthog-rs SDK
+    tags: [rust]
+    docs_urls:
+      - https://posthog.com/docs/libraries/rust.md
+
   - id: swift
     framework: swift
     example_paths:
diff --git a/context/skip-patterns.yaml b/context/skip-patterns.yaml
index 6a28b1f4..a2427e25 100644
--- a/context/skip-patterns.yaml
+++ b/context/skip-patterns.yaml
@@ -131,6 +131,9 @@ global:
     - bin/
     - obj/
 
+    # Rust
+    - target/
+
     # PHP General
     - vendor
     - .phpunit.result.cache
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/.env.example b/example-apps/rust/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41928fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copy this file to `.env` and fill in your values, then export them
+# (e.g. `export $(grep -v '^#' .env | xargs)`) before running the app.
+
+# Your PostHog project token (from Project settings).
+POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN=your_posthog_project_token
+
+# PostHog host. Defaults to https://us.i.posthog.com when unset.
+POSTHOG_HOST=https://us.i.posthog.com
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/.gitignore b/example-apps/rust/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fedaa2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+.env
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a2c1e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,2597 @@
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diff --git a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bde54da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "posthog-rust-example"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# A tiny "burrito" web service that mirrors the other PostHog example apps,
+# built on Axum and the official `posthog-rs` server SDK.
+[dependencies]
+# posthog-rs 0.21 enables the "async-client" and "error-tracking" features by
+# default, which is exactly what this example uses (async client + capture_exception).
+posthog-rs = "0.21"
+axum = "0.8"
+# Cookie jar for a minimal per-browser session (stores the user's distinct id).
+axum-extra = { version = "0.10", features = ["cookie"] }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/README.md b/example-apps/rust/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b290d6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# PostHog Rust example
+
+This is an [Axum](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum) example demonstrating PostHog integration with product analytics, feature flags, user identification, and error tracking using the server-side Rust SDK, [`posthog-rs`](https://crates.io/crates/posthog-rs).
+
+## Features
+
+- **Product analytics**: Track user events and behaviors
+- **User identification**: Associate events with users via person properties (`$set`)
+- **Feature flags**: Control feature rollouts with PostHog feature flags
+- **Error tracking**: Capture exceptions with `capture_exception`
+- **Server-side tracking**: All tracking happens server-side with the async Rust SDK
+- **Single client per process**: One PostHog client for the whole app, flushed on shutdown
+
+> **Note on SDK scope:** the `posthog-rs` server SDK does **not** provide an
+> `alias` helper, surveys, or session replay. This example does not scaffold or
+> promise any of those. It uses only documented methods: `capture`,
+> `evaluate_flags`, `capture_exception_with`, `flush`, and `shutdown`.
+
+## Getting started
+
+### 1. Configure environment variables
+
+Copy `.env.example` to `.env`, fill in your values, and export them:
+
+```bash
+export POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN=your_posthog_project_token
+export POSTHOG_HOST=https://us.i.posthog.com
+```
+
+Get your PostHog project token from your [PostHog project settings](https://app.posthog.com/project/settings).
+
+### 2. Run the app
+
+```bash
+cargo run
+```
+
+Open [http://localhost:8000](http://localhost:8000) with your browser to see the app.
+
+## Project structure
+
+```
+rust/
+├── Cargo.toml          # Crate + the posthog-rs dependency
+├── .env.example        # Environment variable template
+├── .gitignore          # Ignores /target and .env
+└── src/
+    └── main.rs         # Axum app: client init, routes, identify, events, flags, errors
+```
+
+## Key integration points
+
+### PostHog client init (src/main.rs)
+
+Build **one client per process** and share it through Axum state as an `Arc<Client>`. Never construct a new client per request.
+
+```rust
+let options = ClientOptions::from((token.as_str(), host.as_str()));
+let client: Arc<Client> = Arc::new(posthog_rs::client(options).await);
+
+let app = Router::new()
+    // ...routes...
+    .with_state(client.clone());
+```
+
+### Configuration from the environment (src/main.rs)
+
+Read the token and host from the environment so secrets never live in source. A blank token logs a clear warning and the app still boots — fail loudly, but never break the app.
+
+```rust
+let token = std::env::var("POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN").unwrap_or_default();
+let host = std::env::var("POSTHOG_HOST")
+    .unwrap_or_else(|_| "https://us.i.posthog.com".to_string());
+
+if token.trim().is_empty() {
+    tracing::warn!("POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN is not set. PostHog events will NOT be delivered.");
+}
+```
+
+The `(api_key, host)` tuple converts into `ClientOptions`, which is how this example applies `POSTHOG_HOST`.
+
+### User identification (src/main.rs)
+
+The server SDK identifies a user by attaching person properties to a capture with the `$set` property. The distinct id (2nd argument to `Event::new`) is the stable user id and must match the id your frontend `posthog.identify(...)` call uses.
+
+```rust
+let mut event = Event::new("user_logged_in", &user_id);
+event.insert_prop("$set", serde_json::json!({ "email": email }))?;
+event.insert_prop("login_method", "email")?;
+client.capture(event); // fire-and-forget
+```
+
+### Event tracking (src/main.rs)
+
+```rust
+let mut event = Event::new("burrito_considered", &user_id);
+event.insert_prop("total_considerations", count)?;
+client.capture(event);
+```
+
+### Feature flags (src/main.rs)
+
+Evaluate flags once per request with `evaluate_flags(...)`, then read individual flags off the returned snapshot. Avoid the deprecated per-flag helpers.
+
+```rust
+let flags = client
+    .evaluate_flags(user_id, EvaluateFlagsOptions::default())
+    .await?;
+let show_new_feature = flags.is_enabled("new-dashboard-feature");
+```
+
+### Error tracking (src/main.rs)
+
+Unlike some PostHog server SDKs, `posthog-rs` **does** capture exceptions. Report any `std::error::Error` with `capture_exception_with`, attaching the distinct id and context.
+
+```rust
+let options = CaptureExceptionOptions::new()
+    .distinct_id(user_id)
+    .property("source", "profile_view")?;
+client.capture_exception_with(&err, options).await?;
+```
+
+### Flush and shutdown (src/main.rs)
+
+`capture` is fire-and-forget, so queued events must be flushed before the process exits or they are lost. On graceful shutdown (Ctrl+C), flush and then shut the client down.
+
+```rust
+client.flush().await;
+client.shutdown().await;
+```
+
+## Learn more
+
+- [PostHog Rust SDK](https://posthog.com/docs/libraries/rust)
+- [PostHog feature flags](https://posthog.com/docs/feature-flags)
+- [PostHog documentation](https://posthog.com/docs)
+- [Axum documentation](https://docs.rs/axum/latest/axum/)
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs b/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fcbff3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+//! A tiny "burrito" web service that mirrors the other PostHog example apps.
+//!
+//! Each route shows one integration point of the `posthog-rs` server SDK:
+//!   * `/`          — home / login page
+//!   * `/login`     — user identification (attach person properties)
+//!   * `/burrito`   — event tracking (`burrito_considered`)
+//!   * `/dashboard` — feature flags (`new-dashboard-feature`, snapshot API)
+//!   * `/profile`   — error tracking (`capture_exception`)
+//!
+//! The PostHog client is built **once per process** and shared through Axum
+//! state (an `Arc<Client>`). It is never constructed per request.
+
+use std::io::{Error as IoError, ErrorKind};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use axum::{
+    extract::State,
+    response::{Html, IntoResponse, Redirect},
+    routing::{get, post},
+    Form, Router,
+};
+use axum_extra::extract::cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
+use posthog_rs::{
+    CaptureExceptionOptions, Client, ClientOptions, EvaluateFlagsOptions, Event,
+};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+/// Shared application state. `Arc<Client>` is cheap to clone and lets every
+/// request handler reuse the single process-wide PostHog client.
+type AppState = Arc<Client>;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+
+    // --- Config from the environment (never hardcode secrets) --------------
+    let token = std::env::var("POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN").unwrap_or_default();
+    let host = std::env::var("POSTHOG_HOST")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "https://us.i.posthog.com".to_string());
+
+    // Fail loudly, but don't break the app: a blank token logs a clear warning
+    // and the server still boots (captures simply won't be delivered).
+    if token.trim().is_empty() {
+        tracing::warn!(
+            "POSTHOG_PROJECT_TOKEN is not set. PostHog events will NOT be delivered. \
+             Set it in your environment (see .env.example) to enable analytics."
+        );
+    }
+
+    // --- One client per process --------------------------------------------
+    // `client()` takes anything convertible into `ClientOptions`. The tuple
+    // form `(api_key, host)` sets both, so we honor POSTHOG_HOST. We build the
+    // client once here and share it via Axum state for the whole process.
+    let options = ClientOptions::from((token.as_str(), host.as_str()));
+    let client: AppState = Arc::new(posthog_rs::client(options).await);
+
+    let app = Router::new()
+        .route("/", get(home))
+        .route("/login", post(login))
+        .route("/burrito", post(consider_burrito))
+        .route("/dashboard", get(dashboard))
+        .route("/profile", get(profile))
+        .with_state(client.clone());
+
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("0.0.0.0:8000")
+        .await
+        .expect("failed to bind 0.0.0.0:8000");
+    tracing::info!("listening on http://localhost:8000");
+
+    // Serve until Ctrl+C, then flush and shut the client down cleanly.
+    axum::serve(listener, app)
+        .with_graceful_shutdown(shutdown_signal())
+        .await
+        .expect("server error");
+
+    // --- Explicit flush + shutdown -----------------------------------------
+    // `capture` is fire-and-forget, so queued events must be flushed before the
+    // process exits or they are lost. `shutdown` stops the background worker.
+    tracing::info!("flushing PostHog events before exit...");
+    client.flush().await;
+    client.shutdown().await;
+}
+
+/// Resolve a stable distinct id from the session cookie, or "anonymous".
+///
+/// This id must match the id your frontend `posthog.identify(...)` uses so that
+/// server-side and client-side events attribute to the same person.
+fn distinct_id(jar: &CookieJar) -> String {
+    jar.get("user_id")
+        .map(|c| c.value().to_string())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "anonymous".to_string())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Home / login page
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async fn home(jar: CookieJar) -> Html<String> {
+    let user = distinct_id(&jar);
+    Html(format!(
+        r#"<h1>Burrito app</h1>
+<p>Signed in as: <strong>{user}</strong></p>
+<form method="post" action="/login">
+  <input name="user_id" placeholder="user id" required>
+  <input name="email" placeholder="email (optional)">
+  <button type="submit">Log in</button>
+</form>
+<hr>
+<form method="post" action="/burrito"><button>Consider a burrito</button></form>
+<p><a href="/dashboard">Dashboard (feature flag)</a> &middot;
+   <a href="/profile">Profile (error tracking)</a></p>"#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct LoginForm {
+    user_id: String,
+    email: Option<String>,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// User identification
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The server SDK "identifies" a user by attaching person properties to a
+// capture. `$set` writes person properties; the distinct id (2nd arg to
+// `Event::new`) is the stable user id shared with the frontend.
+async fn login(
+    State(client): State<AppState>,
+    jar: CookieJar,
+    Form(form): Form<LoginForm>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    let email = form.email.unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let mut event = Event::new("user_logged_in", &form.user_id);
+    let _ = event.insert_prop("$set", serde_json::json!({ "email": email }));
+    let _ = event.insert_prop("login_method", "email");
+    client.capture(event); // fire-and-forget
+
+    // Persist the distinct id for later requests.
+    let jar = jar.add(Cookie::new("user_id", form.user_id));
+    (jar, Redirect::to("/"))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Event tracking
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async fn consider_burrito(
+    State(client): State<AppState>,
+    jar: CookieJar,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    let user = distinct_id(&jar);
+
+    let count: u32 = jar
+        .get("burrito_count")
+        .and_then(|c| c.value().parse().ok())
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+        + 1;
+
+    let mut event = Event::new("burrito_considered", &user);
+    let _ = event.insert_prop("total_considerations", count);
+    client.capture(event);
+
+    let jar = jar.add(Cookie::new("burrito_count", count.to_string()));
+    (
+        jar,
+        Html(format!(
+            "<h1>Burrito considered</h1><p>You have considered {count} burrito(s).</p>\
+             <p><a href=\"/\">Back</a></p>"
+        )),
+    )
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Feature flags
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Evaluate flags once with `evaluate_flags(...)`, then read individual flags
+// off the returned snapshot. Avoid deprecated per-flag helpers.
+async fn dashboard(State(client): State<AppState>, jar: CookieJar) -> Html<String> {
+    let user = distinct_id(&jar);
+
+    let show_new_feature = match client
+        .evaluate_flags(user.clone(), EvaluateFlagsOptions::default())
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(flags) => flags.is_enabled("new-dashboard-feature"),
+        Err(e) => {
+            // Never break the page if flag evaluation fails — fall back to off.
+            tracing::warn!("evaluate_flags failed: {e}");
+            false
+        }
+    };
+
+    let body = if show_new_feature {
+        "<p>✨ The new dashboard feature is <strong>enabled</strong>.</p>"
+    } else {
+        "<p>The new dashboard feature is disabled.</p>"
+    };
+    Html(format!(
+        "<h1>Dashboard</h1><p>User: {user}</p>{body}<p><a href=\"/\">Back</a></p>"
+    ))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Error tracking
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The Rust SDK CAN capture exceptions. Trigger a failure, then report it with
+// `capture_exception_with`, attaching the distinct id and a bit of context.
+async fn profile(State(client): State<AppState>, jar: CookieJar) -> Html<String> {
+    let user = distinct_id(&jar);
+
+    let message = match risky_operation() {
+        Ok(()) => "no error".to_string(),
+        Err(err) => {
+            tracing::warn!("profile risky_operation failed: {err}");
+
+            // `property` returns a Result (serialization can fail); keep the
+            // context if it serializes, otherwise send the exception without it.
+            let options = match CaptureExceptionOptions::new()
+                .distinct_id(user.clone())
+                .property("source", "profile_view")
+            {
+                Ok(o) => o,
+                Err(_) => CaptureExceptionOptions::new().distinct_id(user.clone()),
+            };
+            if let Err(e) = client.capture_exception_with(&err, options).await {
+                tracing::warn!("capture_exception failed: {e}");
+            }
+            err.to_string()
+        }
+    };
+
+    Html(format!(
+        "<h1>Profile</h1><p>User: {user}</p>\
+         <p>Triggered error (captured by PostHog): <code>{message}</code></p>\
+         <p><a href=\"/\">Back</a></p>"
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Stand-in for real work that can fail. Returns a `std::error::Error`, which
+/// is exactly what `capture_exception_with` accepts.
+fn risky_operation() -> Result<(), IoError> {
+    Err(IoError::new(
+        ErrorKind::Other,
+        "profile data source is temporarily unavailable",
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Resolves when the process receives Ctrl+C, triggering graceful shutdown.
+async fn shutdown_signal() {
+    let _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await;
+    tracing::info!("shutdown signal received");
+}

From b836339ba69fc5641c663d956fa839ed98835047 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sarahxsanders <sarah@posthog.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2026 09:44:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] fix(rust example): HTML-escape user input to prevent XSS

The home, dashboard, and profile pages interpolated the cookie distinct id
(and the error message) into HTML unescaped. Escape display values with
html-escape before rendering; the raw distinct id still goes to the SDK
calls. Keeps the copied-into-real-code pattern safe by default.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock  | 7 +++++++
 example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml  | 1 +
 example-apps/rust/src/main.rs | 7 +++++++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
index 0a2c1e94..03e86585 100644
--- a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
+++ b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.lock
@@ -623,6 +623,12 @@ version = "0.32.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e629b9b98ef3dd8afe6ca2bd0f89306cec16d43d907889945bc5d6687f2f13c7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "html-escape"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "46c1ff2d1cbf39efe5af0900ced8a069b5e61557a17544eb0c4a50239937389e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
 version = "1.4.2"
@@ -1322,6 +1328,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "axum",
  "axum-extra",
+ "html-escape",
  "posthog-rs",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
index bde54da8..5899d9bc 100644
--- a/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/example-apps/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
+html-escape = "0.2.14"
diff --git a/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs b/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs
index 0fcbff3f..dfb756e2 100644
--- a/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs
+++ b/example-apps/rust/src/main.rs
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ fn distinct_id(jar: &CookieJar) -> String {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async fn home(jar: CookieJar) -> Html<String> {
     let user = distinct_id(&jar);
+    // Escape user-controlled values before putting them in HTML (prevents XSS).
+    let user = html_escape::encode_text(&user);
     Html(format!(
         r#"<h1>Burrito app</h1>
 <p>Signed in as: <strong>{user}</strong></p>
@@ -194,6 +196,8 @@ async fn dashboard(State(client): State<AppState>, jar: CookieJar) -> Html<Strin
     } else {
         "<p>The new dashboard feature is disabled.</p>"
     };
+    // Escape the distinct id before rendering it (the raw value went to the SDK above).
+    let user = html_escape::encode_text(&user);
     Html(format!(
         "<h1>Dashboard</h1><p>User: {user}</p>{body}<p><a href=\"/\">Back</a></p>"
     ))
@@ -228,6 +232,9 @@ async fn profile(State(client): State<AppState>, jar: CookieJar) -> Html<String>
         }
     };
 
+    // Escape user-controlled values before rendering (the raw id went to the SDK above).
+    let user = html_escape::encode_text(&user);
+    let message = html_escape::encode_text(&message);
     Html(format!(
         "<h1>Profile</h1><p>User: {user}</p>\
          <p>Triggered error (captured by PostHog): <code>{message}</code></p>\