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理解响应式编程？什么是响应式编程(Reactive Pro">
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<h1 id="什么是webflux"><a href="#什么是webflux" class="headerlink" title="什么是webflux"></a>什么是webflux</h1><p>webflux是spring推出的响应式web框架，它的对标产品为spring-mvc, 与传统的spring-mvc相比较，webflux是完全非阻塞式的。</p>
<p><img src="/webflux/image-20230903120401912.png" alt="image-20230903120401912"></p>
<h1 id="理解响应式编程？"><a href="#理解响应式编程？" class="headerlink" title="理解响应式编程？"></a>理解响应式编程？</h1><p>什么是<strong>响应式编程</strong>(Reactive Programming)，而WebFlux只是响应式编程的其中一个技术栈而已。</p>
<p>响应式编程大概就是下面这样的意思：</p>
<ul>
<li>在命令式编程(我们的日常编程模式)下，式子<code>a=b+c</code>，这就意味着<code>a</code>的值是由<code>b</code>和<code>c</code>计算出来的。如果<code>b</code>或者<code>c</code>后续有变化，<strong>不会影响</strong>到<code>a</code>的值</li>
<li>在响应式编程下，式子<code>a:=b+c</code>，这就意味着<code>a</code>的值是由<code>b</code>和<code>c</code>计算出来的。但如果<code>b</code>或者<code>c</code>的值后续有变化，<strong>会影响</strong>到<code>a</code>的值</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="WebFlux的特性"><a href="#WebFlux的特性" class="headerlink" title="WebFlux的特性"></a>WebFlux的特性</h1><ul>
<li><strong>异步非阻塞</strong> - 可以举一个上传例子。相对于 Spring MVC 是同步阻塞IO模型，Spring WebFlux这样处理：线程发现文件数据没传输好，就先做其他事情，当文件准备好时通知线程来处理（这里就是输入非阻塞方式），当接收完并写入磁盘（该步骤也可以采用异步非阻塞方式）完毕后再通知线程来处理响应（这里就是输出非阻塞方式）。</li>
<li><strong>响应式函数编程</strong> - 相对于Java8 Stream 同步、阻塞的Pull模式，Spring Flux 采用Reactor Stream 异步、非阻塞Push模式。书写采用 Java lambda 方式,接近自然语言形式且容易理解。</li>
<li><strong>不拘束于Servlet</strong> - 可以运行在传统的Servlet 容器（3.1+版本），还能运行在Netty、Undertow等NIO容器中。</li>
</ul>
<p>WebFlux使用的响应式流并不是用JDK9平台的，而是一个叫做<strong>Reactor</strong>响应式流库。所以，<strong>入门</strong>WebFlux其实更多是了解怎么使用Reactor的API</p>
<p>Reactor是一个响应式流，它也有对应的发布者(<code>Publisher</code> )，Reactor的发布者用两个类来表示：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Mono</strong>(返回0或1个元素)</li>
<li><strong>Flux</strong>(返回0-n个元素)</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="Spring-WebFlux-组件介绍"><a href="#Spring-WebFlux-组件介绍" class="headerlink" title="Spring WebFlux 组件介绍"></a>Spring WebFlux 组件介绍</h1><h2 id="HTTPHandler"><a href="#HTTPHandler" class="headerlink" title="HTTPHandler"></a>HTTPHandler</h2><p>一个简单的处理请求和响应的抽象，用来适配不同HTTP服务容器的API。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Server name</th>
<th>Bean name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Reactor Netty</td>
<td>ReactorHttpHandlerAdapter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Undertow</td>
<td>UndertowHttpHandlerAdapter</td>
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<td>TomcatHttpHandlerAdapter</td>
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<td>Jetty</td>
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<h2 id="WebHandler"><a href="#WebHandler" class="headerlink" title="WebHandler"></a>WebHandler</h2><p>一个用于处理业务请求抽象接口，定义了一系列处理行为。相关核心实现类如下</p>
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<thead>
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<th>Bean name</th>
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<td>针对于异常的处理类</td>
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<tr>
<td>ResourceWebHandler</td>
<td>用于静态资源请求的处理类</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="DispatcherHandler"><a href="#DispatcherHandler" class="headerlink" title="DispatcherHandler"></a>DispatcherHandler</h2><p>请求处理的总控制器，实际工作是由多个可配置的组件来处理。</p>
<p>WebFlux是兼容Spring MVC 基于@Controller，@RequestMapping等注解的编程开发方式的，可以做到平滑切换。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Bean type</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>HandlerMapping</td>
<td>将请求映射到对应处理器。主要实现由：1）用于@RequestMapping注解得方法得RequestMappingHandlerMapping 2)用于功能端点路由得RouterFunctionMapping 3)用于URI路径模式和WebHandler示例得显示注册得SimplerUrlHandlerMapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HandlerAdapter</td>
<td>帮助DispatcherHandler调用映射到请求得处理程序，而不管实际如何调用该处理程序。例如，调用代注解得控制器需要解析注解。HandlerAdapter主要目的是用来解释编排处理行为，具体处理交给对应处理器处理。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HandlerResultHandler</td>
<td>处理来自处理器调用得结果，并最终确定相应。根据注解和返回类型选择处理器。例如：使用了@ResponseBody注解的ResponseBodyResultHandler</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="Functional-Endpoints"><a href="#Functional-Endpoints" class="headerlink" title="Functional Endpoints"></a>Functional Endpoints</h2><p>这是一个轻量级函数编程模型。是基于@Controller，@RequestMapping等注解的编程模型的替代方案，提供一套函数式API 用于创建Router,Handler和Filter。调用处理组件如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>HandlerMapping</th>
<th>HandlerAdapter</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
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<td>RouterFunctionMapping</td>
<td>HandlerFunctionAdapter</td>
<td>RouterFunction</td>
</tr>
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