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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<meta name="description" content="初识RedisRedis是一种键值型的NoSql数据库，这里有两个关键字：
键值型
NoSql
其中键值型，是指Redis中存储的数据都是以key、value对的形式存储，而value的形式多种多样，可以是字符串、数值、甚至json">
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<h1 id="初识Redis"><a href="#初识Redis" class="headerlink" title="初识Redis"></a>初识Redis</h1><p>Redis是一种键值型的NoSql数据库，这里有两个关键字：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>键值型</p>
</li>
<li><p>NoSql</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>其中<strong>键值型</strong>，是指Redis中存储的数据都是以key、value对的形式存储，而value的形式多种多样，可以是字符串、数值、甚至json：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/6U1Rhxo.png" alt="image-20220502190959608"></p>
<p>而NoSql则是相对于传统关系型数据库而言，有很大差异的一种数据库。</p>
<h2 id="1-1-认识NoSQL"><a href="#1-1-认识NoSQL" class="headerlink" title="1.1.认识NoSQL"></a>1.1.认识NoSQL</h2><p><strong>NoSql</strong>可以翻译做Not Only Sql（不仅仅是SQL），或者是No Sql（非Sql的）数据库。是相对于传统关系型数据库而言，有很大差异的一种特殊的数据库，因此也称之为<strong>非关系型数据库</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="1-1-1-结构化与非结构化"><a href="#1-1-1-结构化与非结构化" class="headerlink" title="1.1.1.结构化与非结构化"></a>1.1.1.结构化与非结构化</h3><p>传统关系型数据库是结构化数据，每一张表都有严格的约束信息：字段名、字段数据类型、字段约束等等信息，插入的数据必须遵守这些约束：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/4tUgFo6.png" alt></p>
<p>而NoSql则对数据库格式没有严格约束，往往形式松散，自由。</p>
<p>可以是键值型：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/GdqOSsj.png" alt></p>
<p>也可以是文档型：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/zBBQfcc.png" alt></p>
<p>甚至可以是图格式：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/zBnKxWf.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="1-1-2-关联和非关联"><a href="#1-1-2-关联和非关联" class="headerlink" title="1.1.2.关联和非关联"></a>1.1.2.关联和非关联</h3><p>传统数据库的表与表之间往往存在关联，例如外键：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/tXYSl5x.png" alt></p>
<p>而非关系型数据库不存在关联关系，要维护关系要么靠代码中的业务逻辑，要么靠数据之间的耦合：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-json"><code class="language-json"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"张三"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
orders<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
item<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"荣耀6"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4999</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
item<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"小米11"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3999</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>此处要维护“张三”的订单与商品“荣耀”和“小米11”的关系，不得不冗余的将这两个商品保存在张三的订单文档中，不够优雅。还是建议用业务来维护关联关系。</p>
<h3 id="1-1-3-查询方式"><a href="#1-1-3-查询方式" class="headerlink" title="1.1.3.查询方式"></a>1.1.3.查询方式</h3><p>传统关系型数据库会基于Sql语句做查询，语法有统一标准；</p>
<p>而不同的非关系数据库查询语法差异极大，五花八门各种各样。</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/AzaHOTF.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="1-1-4-事务"><a href="#1-1-4-事务" class="headerlink" title="1.1.4.事务"></a>1.1.4.事务</h3><p>传统关系型数据库能满足事务ACID的原则。</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/J1MqOJM.png" alt></p>
<p>而非关系型数据库往往不支持事务，或者不能严格保证ACID的特性，只能实现基本的一致性。</p>
<h3 id="1-1-5-总结"><a href="#1-1-5-总结" class="headerlink" title="1.1.5.总结"></a>1.1.5.总结</h3><p>除了上述四点以外，在存储方式、扩展性、查询性能上关系型与非关系型也都有着显著差异，总结如下：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/kZP40dQ.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>存储方式<ul>
<li>关系型数据库基于磁盘进行存储，会有大量的磁盘IO，对性能有一定影响</li>
<li>非关系型数据库，他们的操作更多的是依赖于内存来操作，内存的读写速度会非常快，性能自然会好一些</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>扩展性<ul>
<li>关系型数据库集群模式一般是主从，主从数据一致，起到数据备份的作用，称为垂直扩展。</li>
<li>非关系型数据库可以将数据拆分，存储在不同机器上，可以保存海量数据，解决内存大小有限的问题。称为水平扩展。</li>
<li>关系型数据库因为表之间存在关联关系，如果做水平扩展会给数据查询带来很多麻烦</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-2-认识Redis"><a href="#1-2-认识Redis" class="headerlink" title="1.2.认识Redis"></a>1.2.认识Redis</h2><p>Redis诞生于2009年全称是<strong>Re</strong>mote <strong>D</strong>ictionary <strong>S</strong>erver 远程词典服务器，是一个基于内存的键值型NoSQL数据库。</p>
<p><strong>特征</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>键值（key-value）型，value支持多种不同数据结构，功能丰富</li>
<li>单线程，每个命令具备原子性</li>
<li>低延迟，速度快（基于内存、IO多路复用、良好的编码）。</li>
<li>支持数据持久化</li>
<li>支持主从集群、分片集群</li>
<li>支持多语言客户端</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>作者</strong>：Antirez</p>
<p>Redis的官方网站地址：<a href="https://redis.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://redis.io/</a></p>
<h2 id="1-3-安装Redis"><a href="#1-3-安装Redis" class="headerlink" title="1.3.安装Redis"></a>1.3.安装Redis</h2><p>大多数企业都是基于Linux服务器来部署项目，而且Redis官方也没有提供Windows版本的安装包。因此课程中我们会基于Linux系统来安装Redis.</p>
<p>此处选择的Linux版本为CentOS 7.</p>
<h3 id="1-3-1-依赖库"><a href="#1-3-1-依赖库" class="headerlink" title="1.3.1.依赖库"></a>1.3.1.依赖库</h3><p>Redis是基于C语言编写的，因此首先需要安装Redis所需要的gcc依赖：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">yum install -y gcc tcl<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-3-2-上传安装包并解压"><a href="#1-3-2-上传安装包并解压" class="headerlink" title="1.3.2.上传安装包并解压"></a>1.3.2.上传安装包并解压</h3><p>例如，我放到了/usr/local/src 目录：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/01DTNCf.png" alt></p>
<p>解压缩：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">tar -xzf redis-6.2.6.tar.gz<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>解压后：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/8V6zvCD.png" alt="image-20211211080339076"></p>
<p>进入redis目录：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">cd redis-6.2.6<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>运行编译命令：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">make && make install<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>如果没有出错，应该就安装成功了。</p>
<p>默认的安装路径是在 <code>/usr/local/bin</code>目录下：</p>
<p>该目录已经默认配置到环境变量，因此可以在任意目录下运行这些命令。其中：</p>
<ul>
<li>redis-cli：是redis提供的命令行客户端</li>
<li>redis-server：是redis的服务端启动脚本</li>
<li>redis-sentinel：是redis的哨兵启动脚本</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-3-启动"><a href="#1-3-3-启动" class="headerlink" title="1.3.3.启动"></a>1.3.3.启动</h3><p>redis的启动方式有很多种，例如：</p>
<ul>
<li>默认启动</li>
<li>指定配置启动</li>
<li>开机自启</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-4-默认启动"><a href="#1-3-4-默认启动" class="headerlink" title="1.3.4.默认启动"></a>1.3.4.默认启动</h3><p>安装完成后，在任意目录输入redis-server命令即可启动Redis：</p>
<pre><code>redis-server</code></pre><p>如图：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/v7xWsqC.png" alt></p>
<p>这种启动属于<code>前台启动</code>，会阻塞整个会话窗口，窗口关闭或者按下<code>CTRL + C</code>则Redis停止。不推荐使用。</p>
<h3 id="1-3-5-指定配置启动"><a href="#1-3-5-指定配置启动" class="headerlink" title="1.3.5.指定配置启动"></a>1.3.5.指定配置启动</h3><p>如果要让Redis以<code>后台</code>方式启动，则必须修改Redis配置文件，就在我们之前解压的redis安装包下（<code>/usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6</code>），名字叫redis.conf：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/image-20211211082225509.png" alt="image-20211211082225509"></p>
<p>我们先将这个配置文件备份一份：</p>
<pre><code>cp redis.conf redis.conf.bck</code></pre><p>然后修改redis.conf文件中的一些配置：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-properties"><code class="language-properties"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 允许访问的地址，默认是127.0.0.1，会导致只能在本地访问。修改为0.0.0.0则可以在任意IP访问，生产环境不要设置为0.0.0.0</span>
<span class="token attr-name">bind</span> <span class="token attr-value">0.0.0.0</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 守护进程，修改为yes后即可后台运行</span>
<span class="token attr-name">daemonize</span> <span class="token attr-value">yes </span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 密码，设置后访问Redis必须输入密码</span>
<span class="token attr-name">requirepass</span> <span class="token attr-value">123321</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>Redis的其它常见配置：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-properties"><code class="language-properties"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 监听的端口</span>
<span class="token attr-name">port</span> <span class="token attr-value">6379</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 工作目录，默认是当前目录，也就是运行redis-server时的命令，日志、持久化等文件会保存在这个目录</span>
<span class="token attr-name">dir</span> <span class="token attr-value">.</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 数据库数量，设置为1，代表只使用1个库，默认有16个库，编号0~15</span>
<span class="token attr-name">databases</span> <span class="token attr-value">1</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 设置redis能够使用的最大内存</span>
<span class="token attr-name">maxmemory</span> <span class="token attr-value">512mb</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 日志文件，默认为空，不记录日志，可以指定日志文件名</span>
<span class="token attr-name">logfile</span> <span class="token attr-value">"redis.log"</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>启动Redis：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh"># 进入redis安装目录
cd /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6
# 启动
redis-server redis.conf<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>停止服务：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh"># 利用redis-cli来执行 shutdown 命令，即可停止 Redis 服务，
# 因为之前配置了密码，因此需要通过 -u 来指定密码
redis-cli -u 123321 shutdown<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>1320159539</p>
<h3 id="1-3-6-开机自启"><a href="#1-3-6-开机自启" class="headerlink" title="1.3.6.开机自启"></a>1.3.6.开机自启</h3><p>我们也可以通过配置来实现开机自启。</p>
<p>首先，新建一个系统服务文件：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">vi /etc/systemd/system/redis.service<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>内容如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-conf"><code class="language-conf">[Unit]
Description=redis-server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6/redis.conf
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>然后重载系统服务：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">systemctl daemon-reload<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>现在，我们可以用下面这组命令来操作redis了：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh"># 启动
systemctl start redis
# 停止
systemctl stop redis
# 重启
systemctl restart redis
# 查看状态
systemctl status redis<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>执行下面的命令，可以让redis开机自启：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">systemctl enable redis<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="1-4-Redis桌面客户端"><a href="#1-4-Redis桌面客户端" class="headerlink" title="1.4.Redis桌面客户端"></a>1.4.Redis桌面客户端</h2><p>安装完成Redis，我们就可以操作Redis，实现数据的CRUD了。这需要用到Redis客户端，包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>命令行客户端</li>
<li>图形化桌面客户端</li>
<li>编程客户端</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-1-Redis命令行客户端"><a href="#1-4-1-Redis命令行客户端" class="headerlink" title="1.4.1.Redis命令行客户端"></a>1.4.1.Redis命令行客户端</h3><p>Redis安装完成后就自带了命令行客户端：redis-cli，使用方式如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="language-sh">redis-cli [options] [commonds]<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>其中常见的options有：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>-h 127.0.0.1</code>：指定要连接的redis节点的IP地址，默认是127.0.0.1</li>
<li><code>-p 6379</code>：指定要连接的redis节点的端口，默认是6379</li>
<li><code>-a 123321</code>：指定redis的访问密码 (1320159539)</li>
</ul>
<p>其中的commonds就是Redis的操作命令，例如：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ping</code>：与redis服务端做心跳测试，服务端正常会返回<code>pong</code></li>
</ul>
<p>不指定commond时，会进入<code>redis-cli</code>的交互控制台：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/OYYWPNo.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="1-4-2-图形化桌面客户端"><a href="#1-4-2-图形化桌面客户端" class="headerlink" title="1.4.2.图形化桌面客户端"></a>1.4.2.图形化桌面客户端</h3><p>GitHub上的大神编写了Redis的图形化桌面客户端，地址：<a href="https://github.com/uglide/RedisDesktopManager" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/uglide/RedisDesktopManager</a></p>
<p>不过该仓库提供的是RedisDesktopManager的源码，并未提供windows安装包。</p>
<p>在下面这个仓库可以找到安装包：<a href="https://github.com/lework/RedisDesktopManager-Windows/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/lework/RedisDesktopManager-Windows/releases</a></p>
<h3 id="1-4-3-安装"><a href="#1-4-3-安装" class="headerlink" title="1.4.3.安装"></a>1.4.3.安装</h3><p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/hwK5LQ8.png" alt></p>
<p>双击即可运行：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/6hUqslY.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="1-4-4-建立连接"><a href="#1-4-4-建立连接" class="headerlink" title="1.4.4.建立连接"></a>1.4.4.建立连接</h3><p>点击左上角的<code>连接到Redis服务器</code>按钮：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/9qTGyoN.png" alt></p>
<p>在弹出的窗口中填写Redis服务信息：</p>
<p><img src="/redis01-getting-started/DshNnKC.png" alt></p>